2021NationalEnglishCompetitionforCollegeStudents
(TypeA-Sample)
参考答案及作文评分标准
PartIListeningComprehensionSectionA1—5CBADDSecondB6—10FTTFF11—15DDABCSecondC16—20ADCABSecondD21.indetail22.tentsandhuts23.functional26.directly27.differentmeanings28.explicit
24.upants25.artistic29.Externalfactors30.thesameway
PartIIVocabulary&Grammar31—35BACAD36—40BCBAB
41—45ABDCB
PartIIICloze46.mental47.reduce51.However52.extended
48.priority53.often
49.Cigarettes54.produces
50.inexpensive55.perception
PartIVReadingComprehensionSectionA56—60EFBADSectionB61.Becausethey蒺renowguaranteedafairpricefortheirhoney.62.Hissmallhouseandacoupleofbicycles.63.It蒺smadeofcylindricalsectionsoftreebark.64.Thewildflowers,includingorchids,thebeesfeaston.65.Withinamonth.SectionC66.legislationcoveringactivities67.enforcementprehensivelegalframework69.mitigateandreduce70.guarantee
-1-
PartVTranslationSectionA71.把你的时间和精力花在没用的事情上有什么意义？你在没用的事情上花的时间和精力越多，资源也
就浪费得越多。
你可能想做成很多事，但不可能什么事都能做得如愿。
你的资源是有限的，所以要分得轻重缓急。
想要一下子做很多事，结果只会一事无成。
追求太多会给自己带来不必要的压力。
别让你的抱负妨碍你享受生活。
SectionB72.Itisunwiseforayoungmantomerelylookforwardtoingwealthy,norisitrightforhimonlytoindulgeinpursuingpowerandfame.73.However,hethoughthewasconfidentiningtheobstacle,somittedhimselftorealizingthegoalinaperseveringspirit.74.HebecameoneofthemostknowledgeableandoneofthemosteloquentoratorsBritainhaseverproduced.75.Thestoryisnotcitedtoillustratethatonlybyingascholaroranorator,oringboth,canapersonconsideredessful.76.Apartfrombeingascholaroranorator,therearemanyothercareersthatareequallynobleandrespectable. PartVIErrorCorrection“Congratulations,youarestillintherunningtowardseAmerica蒺sNextTopModel.”ThisesfromthenameoftheTVprogramme—fivepointsforguessingbuttenpointsforknowingthenameofthepersonwhosaysit.Well,theanswerofthefirstquestionisAmerica蒺sNextTopModelandtheesfromtheshow蒺shost,supermodelMsTyraBanks.Ifyougotthembothright,youarepartofagrowingmunitybecausetheNextTopModelconceptisrapidlyspreadingaround夷world.There蒺snothingparticularlynewaboutthisprogramme.RealityTVshowshadbeenwithussincethelate1940s.However,TyraBankshasbroughtsomeglamourstothegenrebysettingtheritualhumiliationofwhichispartofanyrealityshowinthecontextofthefashionindustry. 77.ing 78.and79.to80.姨 81.get82.global83.the 84.have85.glamour86.of PartVIIIQTest87.RandC.(Crook,Cheat)88.d.(Eachtimetwosymbolstouchtheydisappearatthenextstageandarereplacedbytwonewsymbols.)89.Peacekeepinghasalwaysbeenconductedwiththeconsentofthedisputants,whoattheveryleastagreeto attempttosettletheirdifferencesandnotendangerthesafetyofthepeacekeepingforces.90.Eloquent;hesitant.91.Underwear;evergreen;munity. -2- PartVIIIWriting(30marks)参考范文略 作文评分标准：
一、评分原则
1.本题满分为A10分；B20分，按四个档次给分。
2.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整本档次，最后给分。
3.A词数少于100词或多于130词的，B词数少于160词或多于200词的，从总分中减去2分。
4.如书写较差，以致影响阅卷，将分数降低一档。
二、各档次给分范围和要求第四档（很好）：A9-10分；B16-20分完全符合写作格式的要求，覆盖多个内容要点，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性很好，基本上无词汇和语法错误。
第三档（好）：A6-8分；B11-15分基本符合写作格式的要求，有个别地方表达思想不够清楚，文字基本通顺、连贯，有少量词汇和语法错误。
第二档（一般）：A3-5分；B6-10分未恰当完成写作格式的要求，漏掉内容要点，表达思想不清楚，文字多处出现词汇和语法错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。
第一档（差）：A1-2分；B1-5分未完成写作格式的要求，明显遗漏主要内容，表达思想混乱，有较多词汇和语法的重大错误，未能将信息传达给读者。
0分白卷；作文与题目毫不相关；内容太少，无法评判；所写内容无法看清。
-3- 2021NationalEnglishCompetitionforCollegeStudents (TypeA-Sample)听力录音原文 PartIListeningComprehensionSectionAInthissection,youwillhearfiveshortconversations.Eachconversationwillbereadonlyonce.Attheendofeachconversation,onequestionwillbeasked,andyouhavefifteensecondstoreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,
B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheanswersheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.
1.W:Hi,John.Howareyoudoing?
M:Notsowell.I蒺vebeenworkingovertimealot.Besides,Igotonightclasses,andI蒺monmywaytoschoolnow.W:That蒺sterrible!
Whydon蒺tyoutakeiteasyforawhile?
Question:WhatdoesJohnneedmostofall?
2.W:Wecan蒺tfindTom,heismissing!
Thetrainisabouttoleave.M:Don蒺tworry.Maybehe蒺sbuyingsomefoodattheshopontheplatform.W:Areyousurehe蒺llhaveenoughtimetorushhere?
Question:Wheredidtheconversationprobablytakeplace?
3.M:Oursummervacationing.Wheredoyoumendustotravel?
W:Parisisanidealplaceforourvacation,inmyopinion.M:Thepityiswecan蒺taffordtogothatfar.Question:Whycan蒺ttheygotoParis?
4.W:Howisyournewjob?
M:Thehoursarelong,butIreallyenjoythepeopleIworkwith.W:I蒺msurethingswillgeteasier.Youmuststartthere.Question:Howdoesthemanfeelabouthisjob?
5.W:HaveyouseentheplayperformedbytheEnglishDepartment?
M:Seenit?
InfactIplayedtheleadingroleinit.W:Oh,whydidn蒺tyoutellmeaboutitearlier?
Question:Whatdoyouknowabouttheman?
-4- SectionBInthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Eachconversationwillbereadonlyonce.Attheendofeachconversation,therewillbeaone-minutepause.Duringthepause,readthequestionsandmakeyouranswersontheanswersheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre. ConversationOneListentotheconversation,andmarkeachstatementaseitherTruehear. (T)orFalse (F)ordingtowhatyou W:Hi,Simon,howareyou?
Howisyournewcargoing?
M:Oh,don蒺taskme,Anna.It蒺sanightmare!
Ishouldneverhaveboughtit!
W:Why?
What蒺swrong?
Ithoughtyou蒺dgotoneofthosefancynewmodels?
M:Idid,butthat蒺spartoftheproblem.IfI蒺dboughtasecond-handcar,Iwouldn蒺thavetakenoutthisbig bankloanI蒺vegotnow.W:Oh,soIsupposeyou蒺vegotbigrepaymentstomake?
M:Yes,andIcan蒺tsellthecaruntilI蒺vepaidforit.Butit蒺snotonlythat.Ihadnoidearunningacarwas goingtobesoexpensive!
IwishI蒺dthoughtabouttheothercostsbeforeIboughtit.W:Itprobablywouldn蒺tbesobadifthepriceofpetrolhadn蒺talmostdoubledlastmonth.M:Don蒺tremindme—thepetrolaloneiscostingmeafortune!
W:Luckyyou蒺vegotthatpart-timejobthen!
M:That蒺sjustthething.Nearlyallofmywagesaregoingonthecar.IfI蒺dwaitedabitbeforebuyingthecar, I蒺dhavemanagedtosavequiteabitbynow.Imightevenhavegoneonthatcollegetriplastweek;itsoundedgreat.W:Oh,dear.Can蒺tyouaskyourdadtohelpyouout?
M:Noway!
Whenmygranddadleftmesomemoney,mydaddidn蒺twantmetospenditonacar.IfonlyI蒺dlistenedtohim,noneofthiswouldhavehappened!
Iwishhewasn蒺talwaysright!
W:Well,maybeyoushouldvaluehisopinionsmore.Youdoseemtoarguewithhimalot.Ifyougotonbetterwithhim,youmighthavelistenedtohissuggestions.M:Theworstthingis,Dadwantedmetobuysomeshareswiththemoneyandnowthey蒺vegoneupbythirtypercent.Ishouldhavelistenedtohim.IfI蒺dtakenhisadvice,I蒺downasmallfortunenowinsteadofabigdebt!
W:Oh,Simon,youpoorthing.IwishIcouldhelpyoubutIhaveevenlessmoneythanyou.Atleastyouhaveacar!
M:Oh,don蒺tsaythat!
IwishI蒺dneverboughtthecar!
Ifitweren蒺tforthecar,I蒺dhavenomoneyworriesnow. ConversationTwoListentotheconversation.ThenreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,
B,CorD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswerordingtowhatyouhear. -5- M:Actually,I蒺mveryexcitedaboutthewholethingoftakingupstudyingagain,but,youknow,I蒺malittlenervousaboutwhetherI蒺llmanagetogeteverythingdone.Isupposeit蒺sthesameforallmaturestudents. W:Ofcourseitis.TwooftheponentsoftheStudyforesscoursearetimemanagementandingprocrastination.Peoplediscoverthat,ifonlytheylearntoplantheirdays,alltheworkcanbeplishedandthere蒺llstillbetimeforleisure. M:HowmuchdoIhavetopayforthecourse?
W:Well,thecostis300pounds,whichincludesallcoursematerialsandmorningtea.AndIneedtotellyou thatthisisaverypopularcourseandit蒺sessentialthatyoubookwellaheadoftime.Infact,there蒺reonlyfiveseatsleft.M:Whatothercoursesmightbegoodforme?
W:There蒺soneotherthatyoucouldbenefitfrom.It蒺ssimplycalled“LearningSkillsforUniversityStudy”andisonthreeconsecutivemorningsstartingonaMonday,fromninetotwelve,andcosts250pounds.Thisisaimedatupgradingthestudyskillsmostschool-leavershaveandhelpingthemcopewiththeincreaseddemandsofuniversitystudy.Itfocusesmainlyonmakingstudentsmoreresponsiblefortheirowness.M:Whatsortofthingsarecoveredinthiscourse?
W:Basicallyit蒺smoreadvancedthinking,note-taking,readingandwritingstrategies,butalsosomeinputaboutstressmanagement.M:IthinkI蒺dbebetteroffstartingfromthebasicsandlookingatallthestrategies.W:Yes,fromwhatyoutoldme,Ithinkthat蒺smoreinlinewithyoursituation.M:Alrightthen,canIbookaplaceonthe“Studyforess”seminarcoursenow?
W:Yes.Letmejustgetoutaregistrationformandtakedownyourdetails. SectionCInthissection,youwillhearfiveshortnewsitems.Eachitemwillbereadonlyonce.Aftereachitem,therewillbeafifteen-secondpause.Duringthepause,readthequestionandthefourchoicesmarkedA,
B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheanswersheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre. 16.TheEuropeanUnionhasdraftedalistofUSproductstobehitwithimporttaxesinretaliationfortariffstheUnitedStateshasimposedonEuropeansteel.EUmembergovernmentswillreviewthelistbeforetheEUsubmitsittotheWorldTradeOrganization,whicharbitratesinternationaltradedisputes.EUofficialswon蒺tsaywhichAmericanproductswillbehitbytheEUsanctions.Butdiplomatsmonitoringthemostrecenttransatlantictradedisputesaytheyincludetextilesandsteelproducts. 17.Scientistshavediscoveredthespeciesofsongbirdperformsatapdancesofastthatitcan蒺tbeseenbythenakedeye.ResearchersfromJapanandGermanyslowdownfootagesofthebluecappedsongbirdsduringcourtship.Here蒺soursciencereporterJonathanWeb.“Nowthey蒺vediscoveredthattapdanceisinthe -6- courtshiprepertoireofbothmaleandfemalesongbirds.Thenextstepfortheresearchersistotryandpickwhetherthebirdsmateiswooedbythesight,thesoundorthevibrationsofthisfancyfootwork.”18.ApolicespokesmansaidexplosivedevicesweremadesafebyexpertsinArmaghDistrict,whereawomanwasshotinthelegand13policeofficerswereinjuredduringasecondessivenightofviolence.NorthernIreland蒺spolicechiefhadearliercalledmunityleaderstoworktogethertoendtheviolence.TheviolencehaseruptedsporadicallythroughoutasummerofsectariantensioninnorthernBelfast.19.MeetSnuppy,theworld蒺sfirstcloneddog.Snuppyisa100-day-oldAfghanhoundcreatedandownedbySouthKoreanscientistDr.HwangWoo-suk.LastyearHwangandhisteamcreatedtheworld蒺sfirstclonedhumanembryos.Thisyearheclonedembryonicstemcellsthaticallymatchedtheirpatients,sowhycloneacanine?
Stemcellresearchersbelievethisisanothersteptowardsfindingcelltherapiesforhumans.20.AChelseafootballclubofficialsaystheteam蒺smangerJoseMourinhowassackedduetothediscordthatexistedbetweenhimandtheplayers.Mourinho蒺sdeparturemonthsafterwinningtheleaguetitleandsigninganewfour-yearcontractfollowsastringofpoorresults.Inastatement,ChelseasaidMourinhowasleavingbymutualconsentafteragreeingthatrecentresultshaven蒺tbeengood. SectionDInthissection,youwillheartwoshortpassages.Thepassageswillbereadonlyonce.Aftereachpassage,therewillbeaone-minutepause.Duringthepause,writetheanswersontheanswersheet. DictationListentothepassage.Forquestions21—25,fillintheblankswiththeexactwordsorphrasesyouhear. Goodmorning,everyone.Today,I蒺mgoingtotalktoyouaboutthehistoryofbuildingandarchitecture.Nostoryismoreinterestingorimpressivethanthestoryofman蒺sprogressthroughtheages,andin particulartheactivitiesofhumanbeingsintheartofbuilding.Let蒺shavealookatthisindetail.Inveryearlytimes,around50,000yearsago,primitivehumanslivedintreesandcaves,wherethey foundprotectionfromwildbeastsandshelterfrombadweather.However,thesenaturalshelterswereprettyfortableandsohumansbegantothinkofwaystoconstructmorepermanentdwellings,suchastentsandhuts. Fromthesehumblebeginningsagreatvarietyofarchitecturalstylegraduallydeveloped,andweseehowhumansbegantomasterconstructionaltechniquesandatthesametimetoachieveaestheticdesires.Inotherwords,weseehowtheybegantocreatebuildingsthatwerenotonlyfunctionalbutbeautifulaswell. Generally,architectureisconcernedwiththeenclosingofspace.Anotherwayofsayingthisisthatarchitectureisaboutcreatingasafe,healthyandpleasantspaceforupants—thatis,ahealthyplaceinwhichtoliveandtowork. There蒺rethreebasicprinciplesofarchitectureandI蒺dliketorunthroughthesenow.Thefirstisthe -7- principleoffunction:thatis,thepurposeofthebuildinginquestion.Thesecondistheprincipleofconstruction:howthebuildingistobebuiltorconstructed?
Andthethird,afterconstruction,isartisticexpression.SummaryListentothepassage.Forquestions26—30,pletethenotesusingnomorethanthreewordsforeachblank.Temporalperceptionisjustoneaspectofhowwe蒺reshapedbyourcultures.Anotherverystrongelementofourculturesiscontext.Thisreferstoourenvironment,particularlyhowmuchofitissignificantmunication.Intermsofcontext,there蒺retwotypesofcultures,highcontextculturesandlowcontextcultures.Highcontextculturesassignalotofimportancetotheenvironmentsurroundingamessage.Highcontextspeakersmaynotstateamessageverydirectly.Themeaningofthemessageisimplied,notexpressed.Inordertounderstandwhat蒺sbeingsaid,thelistenermustunderstandthesituationandhisorherrelationshiptothespeaker.Indifferentsituations,agivenstatementcouldhaveverydifferentmeanings.Incontrast,lowcontextculturesplacethehighestimportanceonthemessageitself,whichisoftenquiteexplicit.Externalfactors,likeinterpersonalrelationshipsorfamilyhistoriesdon蒺tusuallyalterthemessageverymuch.Insuchcultures,it蒺montosendamessagetoalargenumberofpeopleandexpectthemtounderstandthemessageinthesameway. Thisistheendofthelisteningpart.Pleasetransferyouranswerstotheanswersheet. -8-
你可能想做成很多事，但不可能什么事都能做得如愿。
你的资源是有限的，所以要分得轻重缓急。
想要一下子做很多事，结果只会一事无成。
追求太多会给自己带来不必要的压力。
别让你的抱负妨碍你享受生活。
SectionB72.Itisunwiseforayoungmantomerelylookforwardtoingwealthy,norisitrightforhimonlytoindulgeinpursuingpowerandfame.73.However,hethoughthewasconfidentiningtheobstacle,somittedhimselftorealizingthegoalinaperseveringspirit.74.HebecameoneofthemostknowledgeableandoneofthemosteloquentoratorsBritainhaseverproduced.75.Thestoryisnotcitedtoillustratethatonlybyingascholaroranorator,oringboth,canapersonconsideredessful.76.Apartfrombeingascholaroranorator,therearemanyothercareersthatareequallynobleandrespectable. PartVIErrorCorrection“Congratulations,youarestillintherunningtowardseAmerica蒺sNextTopModel.”ThisesfromthenameoftheTVprogramme—fivepointsforguessingbuttenpointsforknowingthenameofthepersonwhosaysit.Well,theanswerofthefirstquestionisAmerica蒺sNextTopModelandtheesfromtheshow蒺shost,supermodelMsTyraBanks.Ifyougotthembothright,youarepartofagrowingmunitybecausetheNextTopModelconceptisrapidlyspreadingaround夷world.There蒺snothingparticularlynewaboutthisprogramme.RealityTVshowshadbeenwithussincethelate1940s.However,TyraBankshasbroughtsomeglamourstothegenrebysettingtheritualhumiliationofwhichispartofanyrealityshowinthecontextofthefashionindustry. 77.ing 78.and79.to80.姨 81.get82.global83.the 84.have85.glamour86.of PartVIIIQTest87.RandC.(Crook,Cheat)88.d.(Eachtimetwosymbolstouchtheydisappearatthenextstageandarereplacedbytwonewsymbols.)89.Peacekeepinghasalwaysbeenconductedwiththeconsentofthedisputants,whoattheveryleastagreeto attempttosettletheirdifferencesandnotendangerthesafetyofthepeacekeepingforces.90.Eloquent;hesitant.91.Underwear;evergreen;munity. -2- PartVIIIWriting(30marks)参考范文略 作文评分标准：
一、评分原则
1.本题满分为A10分；B20分，按四个档次给分。
2.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整本档次，最后给分。
3.A词数少于100词或多于130词的，B词数少于160词或多于200词的，从总分中减去2分。
4.如书写较差，以致影响阅卷，将分数降低一档。
二、各档次给分范围和要求第四档（很好）：A9-10分；B16-20分完全符合写作格式的要求，覆盖多个内容要点，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性很好，基本上无词汇和语法错误。
第三档（好）：A6-8分；B11-15分基本符合写作格式的要求，有个别地方表达思想不够清楚，文字基本通顺、连贯，有少量词汇和语法错误。
第二档（一般）：A3-5分；B6-10分未恰当完成写作格式的要求，漏掉内容要点，表达思想不清楚，文字多处出现词汇和语法错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。
第一档（差）：A1-2分；B1-5分未完成写作格式的要求，明显遗漏主要内容，表达思想混乱，有较多词汇和语法的重大错误，未能将信息传达给读者。
0分白卷；作文与题目毫不相关；内容太少，无法评判；所写内容无法看清。
-3- 2021NationalEnglishCompetitionforCollegeStudents (TypeA-Sample)听力录音原文 PartIListeningComprehensionSectionAInthissection,youwillhearfiveshortconversations.Eachconversationwillbereadonlyonce.Attheendofeachconversation,onequestionwillbeasked,andyouhavefifteensecondstoreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,
B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheanswersheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.
1.W:Hi,John.Howareyoudoing?
M:Notsowell.I蒺vebeenworkingovertimealot.Besides,Igotonightclasses,andI蒺monmywaytoschoolnow.W:That蒺sterrible!
Whydon蒺tyoutakeiteasyforawhile?
Question:WhatdoesJohnneedmostofall?
2.W:Wecan蒺tfindTom,heismissing!
Thetrainisabouttoleave.M:Don蒺tworry.Maybehe蒺sbuyingsomefoodattheshopontheplatform.W:Areyousurehe蒺llhaveenoughtimetorushhere?
Question:Wheredidtheconversationprobablytakeplace?
3.M:Oursummervacationing.Wheredoyoumendustotravel?
W:Parisisanidealplaceforourvacation,inmyopinion.M:Thepityiswecan蒺taffordtogothatfar.Question:Whycan蒺ttheygotoParis?
4.W:Howisyournewjob?
M:Thehoursarelong,butIreallyenjoythepeopleIworkwith.W:I蒺msurethingswillgeteasier.Youmuststartthere.Question:Howdoesthemanfeelabouthisjob?
5.W:HaveyouseentheplayperformedbytheEnglishDepartment?
M:Seenit?
InfactIplayedtheleadingroleinit.W:Oh,whydidn蒺tyoutellmeaboutitearlier?
Question:Whatdoyouknowabouttheman?
-4- SectionBInthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Eachconversationwillbereadonlyonce.Attheendofeachconversation,therewillbeaone-minutepause.Duringthepause,readthequestionsandmakeyouranswersontheanswersheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre. ConversationOneListentotheconversation,andmarkeachstatementaseitherTruehear. (T)orFalse (F)ordingtowhatyou W:Hi,Simon,howareyou?
Howisyournewcargoing?
M:Oh,don蒺taskme,Anna.It蒺sanightmare!
Ishouldneverhaveboughtit!
W:Why?
What蒺swrong?
Ithoughtyou蒺dgotoneofthosefancynewmodels?
M:Idid,butthat蒺spartoftheproblem.IfI蒺dboughtasecond-handcar,Iwouldn蒺thavetakenoutthisbig bankloanI蒺vegotnow.W:Oh,soIsupposeyou蒺vegotbigrepaymentstomake?
M:Yes,andIcan蒺tsellthecaruntilI蒺vepaidforit.Butit蒺snotonlythat.Ihadnoidearunningacarwas goingtobesoexpensive!
IwishI蒺dthoughtabouttheothercostsbeforeIboughtit.W:Itprobablywouldn蒺tbesobadifthepriceofpetrolhadn蒺talmostdoubledlastmonth.M:Don蒺tremindme—thepetrolaloneiscostingmeafortune!
W:Luckyyou蒺vegotthatpart-timejobthen!
M:That蒺sjustthething.Nearlyallofmywagesaregoingonthecar.IfI蒺dwaitedabitbeforebuyingthecar, I蒺dhavemanagedtosavequiteabitbynow.Imightevenhavegoneonthatcollegetriplastweek;itsoundedgreat.W:Oh,dear.Can蒺tyouaskyourdadtohelpyouout?
M:Noway!
Whenmygranddadleftmesomemoney,mydaddidn蒺twantmetospenditonacar.IfonlyI蒺dlistenedtohim,noneofthiswouldhavehappened!
Iwishhewasn蒺talwaysright!
W:Well,maybeyoushouldvaluehisopinionsmore.Youdoseemtoarguewithhimalot.Ifyougotonbetterwithhim,youmighthavelistenedtohissuggestions.M:Theworstthingis,Dadwantedmetobuysomeshareswiththemoneyandnowthey蒺vegoneupbythirtypercent.Ishouldhavelistenedtohim.IfI蒺dtakenhisadvice,I蒺downasmallfortunenowinsteadofabigdebt!
W:Oh,Simon,youpoorthing.IwishIcouldhelpyoubutIhaveevenlessmoneythanyou.Atleastyouhaveacar!
M:Oh,don蒺tsaythat!
IwishI蒺dneverboughtthecar!
Ifitweren蒺tforthecar,I蒺dhavenomoneyworriesnow. ConversationTwoListentotheconversation.ThenreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,
B,CorD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswerordingtowhatyouhear. -5- M:Actually,I蒺mveryexcitedaboutthewholethingoftakingupstudyingagain,but,youknow,I蒺malittlenervousaboutwhetherI蒺llmanagetogeteverythingdone.Isupposeit蒺sthesameforallmaturestudents. W:Ofcourseitis.TwooftheponentsoftheStudyforesscoursearetimemanagementandingprocrastination.Peoplediscoverthat,ifonlytheylearntoplantheirdays,alltheworkcanbeplishedandthere蒺llstillbetimeforleisure. M:HowmuchdoIhavetopayforthecourse?
W:Well,thecostis300pounds,whichincludesallcoursematerialsandmorningtea.AndIneedtotellyou thatthisisaverypopularcourseandit蒺sessentialthatyoubookwellaheadoftime.Infact,there蒺reonlyfiveseatsleft.M:Whatothercoursesmightbegoodforme?
W:There蒺soneotherthatyoucouldbenefitfrom.It蒺ssimplycalled“LearningSkillsforUniversityStudy”andisonthreeconsecutivemorningsstartingonaMonday,fromninetotwelve,andcosts250pounds.Thisisaimedatupgradingthestudyskillsmostschool-leavershaveandhelpingthemcopewiththeincreaseddemandsofuniversitystudy.Itfocusesmainlyonmakingstudentsmoreresponsiblefortheirowness.M:Whatsortofthingsarecoveredinthiscourse?
W:Basicallyit蒺smoreadvancedthinking,note-taking,readingandwritingstrategies,butalsosomeinputaboutstressmanagement.M:IthinkI蒺dbebetteroffstartingfromthebasicsandlookingatallthestrategies.W:Yes,fromwhatyoutoldme,Ithinkthat蒺smoreinlinewithyoursituation.M:Alrightthen,canIbookaplaceonthe“Studyforess”seminarcoursenow?
W:Yes.Letmejustgetoutaregistrationformandtakedownyourdetails. SectionCInthissection,youwillhearfiveshortnewsitems.Eachitemwillbereadonlyonce.Aftereachitem,therewillbeafifteen-secondpause.Duringthepause,readthequestionandthefourchoicesmarkedA,
B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheanswersheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre. 16.TheEuropeanUnionhasdraftedalistofUSproductstobehitwithimporttaxesinretaliationfortariffstheUnitedStateshasimposedonEuropeansteel.EUmembergovernmentswillreviewthelistbeforetheEUsubmitsittotheWorldTradeOrganization,whicharbitratesinternationaltradedisputes.EUofficialswon蒺tsaywhichAmericanproductswillbehitbytheEUsanctions.Butdiplomatsmonitoringthemostrecenttransatlantictradedisputesaytheyincludetextilesandsteelproducts. 17.Scientistshavediscoveredthespeciesofsongbirdperformsatapdancesofastthatitcan蒺tbeseenbythenakedeye.ResearchersfromJapanandGermanyslowdownfootagesofthebluecappedsongbirdsduringcourtship.Here蒺soursciencereporterJonathanWeb.“Nowthey蒺vediscoveredthattapdanceisinthe -6- courtshiprepertoireofbothmaleandfemalesongbirds.Thenextstepfortheresearchersistotryandpickwhetherthebirdsmateiswooedbythesight,thesoundorthevibrationsofthisfancyfootwork.”18.ApolicespokesmansaidexplosivedevicesweremadesafebyexpertsinArmaghDistrict,whereawomanwasshotinthelegand13policeofficerswereinjuredduringasecondessivenightofviolence.NorthernIreland蒺spolicechiefhadearliercalledmunityleaderstoworktogethertoendtheviolence.TheviolencehaseruptedsporadicallythroughoutasummerofsectariantensioninnorthernBelfast.19.MeetSnuppy,theworld蒺sfirstcloneddog.Snuppyisa100-day-oldAfghanhoundcreatedandownedbySouthKoreanscientistDr.HwangWoo-suk.LastyearHwangandhisteamcreatedtheworld蒺sfirstclonedhumanembryos.Thisyearheclonedembryonicstemcellsthaticallymatchedtheirpatients,sowhycloneacanine?
Stemcellresearchersbelievethisisanothersteptowardsfindingcelltherapiesforhumans.20.AChelseafootballclubofficialsaystheteam蒺smangerJoseMourinhowassackedduetothediscordthatexistedbetweenhimandtheplayers.Mourinho蒺sdeparturemonthsafterwinningtheleaguetitleandsigninganewfour-yearcontractfollowsastringofpoorresults.Inastatement,ChelseasaidMourinhowasleavingbymutualconsentafteragreeingthatrecentresultshaven蒺tbeengood. SectionDInthissection,youwillheartwoshortpassages.Thepassageswillbereadonlyonce.Aftereachpassage,therewillbeaone-minutepause.Duringthepause,writetheanswersontheanswersheet. DictationListentothepassage.Forquestions21—25,fillintheblankswiththeexactwordsorphrasesyouhear. Goodmorning,everyone.Today,I蒺mgoingtotalktoyouaboutthehistoryofbuildingandarchitecture.Nostoryismoreinterestingorimpressivethanthestoryofman蒺sprogressthroughtheages,andin particulartheactivitiesofhumanbeingsintheartofbuilding.Let蒺shavealookatthisindetail.Inveryearlytimes,around50,000yearsago,primitivehumanslivedintreesandcaves,wherethey foundprotectionfromwildbeastsandshelterfrombadweather.However,thesenaturalshelterswereprettyfortableandsohumansbegantothinkofwaystoconstructmorepermanentdwellings,suchastentsandhuts. Fromthesehumblebeginningsagreatvarietyofarchitecturalstylegraduallydeveloped,andweseehowhumansbegantomasterconstructionaltechniquesandatthesametimetoachieveaestheticdesires.Inotherwords,weseehowtheybegantocreatebuildingsthatwerenotonlyfunctionalbutbeautifulaswell. Generally,architectureisconcernedwiththeenclosingofspace.Anotherwayofsayingthisisthatarchitectureisaboutcreatingasafe,healthyandpleasantspaceforupants—thatis,ahealthyplaceinwhichtoliveandtowork. There蒺rethreebasicprinciplesofarchitectureandI蒺dliketorunthroughthesenow.Thefirstisthe -7- principleoffunction:thatis,thepurposeofthebuildinginquestion.Thesecondistheprincipleofconstruction:howthebuildingistobebuiltorconstructed?
Andthethird,afterconstruction,isartisticexpression.SummaryListentothepassage.Forquestions26—30,pletethenotesusingnomorethanthreewordsforeachblank.Temporalperceptionisjustoneaspectofhowwe蒺reshapedbyourcultures.Anotherverystrongelementofourculturesiscontext.Thisreferstoourenvironment,particularlyhowmuchofitissignificantmunication.Intermsofcontext,there蒺retwotypesofcultures,highcontextculturesandlowcontextcultures.Highcontextculturesassignalotofimportancetotheenvironmentsurroundingamessage.Highcontextspeakersmaynotstateamessageverydirectly.Themeaningofthemessageisimplied,notexpressed.Inordertounderstandwhat蒺sbeingsaid,thelistenermustunderstandthesituationandhisorherrelationshiptothespeaker.Indifferentsituations,agivenstatementcouldhaveverydifferentmeanings.Incontrast,lowcontextculturesplacethehighestimportanceonthemessageitself,whichisoftenquiteexplicit.Externalfactors,likeinterpersonalrelationshipsorfamilyhistoriesdon蒺tusuallyalterthemessageverymuch.Insuchcultures,it蒺montosendamessagetoalargenumberofpeopleandexpectthemtounderstandthemessageinthesameway. Thisistheendofthelisteningpart.Pleasetransferyouranswerstotheanswersheet. -8-
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